International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Annual Sedimentation Yield and Sediment Characteristics of Upper Lake, Bhopal, India

    , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1S.S.L Jain PG College, Vidhisha, Dist. Vidhisha, MP, INDIA
  • 2J.S. Government PG College, Baitul, MP, INDIA Makhanlal Chaturvedi University, Bhopal, MP, INDIA

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 2, Issue (1), Pages 65-74, January,18 (2012)

Abstract

Sedimentation in lentic and lotic water resources is the outcome of the land erosion in their catchment area. Land erosion ultimately affects the physical and chemical properties of soils and resulting on-site nutrient loss and off-site sedimentation and nutrients enrichment of water resources. The off-site effects of erosion in the form of sedimentation and nutrients enrichment are usually more pricey and severe than the on-site effects on land resources. Many empirical equations and procedures have been developed for estimating sediment yield at the outlet of a catchment. These regression equations for estimation of annual sediment yield are linked with catchment area, land use patterns, meteorological conditions and runoff generated within the catchment. These equations are widely accepted and used for prediction of sediment yield from the un-gauged catchment area. In the present study Upper Lake, Bhopal and its catchment area is taken as a test case and entire study was aimed with two main objectives, first, to estimate and compare the annul sedimentation yield using different empirical equations and second, to determine the sediment characteristics deposited in the bottom of the Upper Lake. The study results revealed that significant annual sedimentation yield were observed which were found in between 0.22-5.6 Mcum/year. As far as, sediment characteristic is concern, it was also found rich in nutrient and organic loads which may be the significant nutrient contributors to hypo-limnetic lake environment. Therefore, an integrated catchment area plan is imperative which can manage on-site effect of soil erosion that could reduce the risk and negative impacts on downstream Upper Lake ecosystem.

References

  1. SWALIM., Project Report Funded by European Union and Implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2009)
  2. Narayana D. and Ram Babu., Estimation of soil erosion from India. Irrig. Drain. Div. ASCE, 109(4), 419-434 (1983)
  3. Aremu M.O., Gav B.L., Opaluwa O.D., Atolaiye B.O., Madu P.C. and Sangari D.U., Assessment of Physicochemical Contaminants in Waters and Fishes from Selected Rivers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(4), 6-17 (2011)
  4. Dhote Sangeeta and Dixit Savita., Hydro chemical changes in two eutrophic lakes of Central India after immersion of Durga and Ganesh idol, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,1(1), 38-45 (2011)
  5. Wetzel R.G., Gradient –dominated ecosystems. Sources and regulatory functions of dissolved organic matter in fresh water ecosystems, Hydrobiologia,229, 181-198 (1992)
  6. Garde R.J. and Kothyari U.C., Sediment yield estimation. J. Irrig. and Power (India), 44(3), 97-123, (1987)
  7. Sondergaard M., Phosphorous release from a hyper-eutrophic lake sediment. experiment with intact sediment cores in a continuous flow from system, Arch.Hydrobiol., 116, 45-59 (1989)
  8. Gulati R.D and Van Donk E., Lakes in the Netherlands, their origin, eutrophication and restoration: review of the state-of-thr art. Hydrobiologia, (478)73-106 (2002)
  9. Gulati R.D. et al., Biomanipulation, tool for water management. Hydrobiologia, (200/201), 1-628 (1990)
  10. Jeppesen E.P., Kristensen J.P., Jensen M., Søndergaard E., Mortensen and Lauridsen T., Recovery resilience following a reduction in external phosphorus loading of shallow eutrophic Danish lakes: Duration, regulating factors and methods for overcoming resilience, Mem. Ist. Ital. Idrobiol.,(48), 137–148 (1991)
  11. Larsen D.P., Schultz D.W. and Malueg K.W., Summer internal phosphorus supplies in Shagawa Lake, Minnesota, Ltmnol. Oceanogr., (26), 740-753 (1981)
  12. Rossi G. and Premazzi G., Delay in lake recovery caused by internal loading. Water Research, 25(8), 567-575 (1991)
  13. Lang R.D. and McCaffrey L.A.H., Ground cover - its effects on soil loss from grazed runoff plots, Gunnedah., J. Soil Conserv., NSW (40), 56-61(1984)
  14. Morris G.L., Reservoir sedimentation and sustainable development in India. In: Proc. Sixth Int. Symp. on River Sedimentation (New Delhi, India), 57-61(1995)
  15. Information sheet on Ramsar Wetlands http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/2IN011en.pdf Accessed on 03.10.2011, (2011)
  16. Khosla A.N., Silting of Reservoir, New Delhi Publication No. 51. CBIP (1953)
  17. Dhruvanarayana V.V. and Rambabu., Estimates of Soil Erosion in India, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 109/4 (1983)
  18. Garde R.J. and Kothyari U.C., Sediment yield estimation. J. Irrig. and Power India,44(3), 97-123 (1987)
  19. Walkley A. and Black I.A., An estimation of the digital method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil Science 37, 29-38 (1934)
  20. Jackson M.L., Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi (1967)
  21. Black C.A., Methods of soil analysis, Parts 1 and 2, Agronomy Monograph 9 (Revised), Amer. Soc. Agron, Madison, Wisconsin (1982)
  22. Trivedi R.K., and Goel P.K., Environmental Publication, Karad, (1986)
  23. Upadhyay et.al., Limno-Chemistry and Nutrient Dynamics in Upper Lake, Bhopal, India., Environment Monitoring and Assessment, DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2480-1 (2011)